Potentilla anserina polysaccharide alleviates cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of H9c2 cells by regulating the MG53-mediated RISK pathway / 中国天然药物

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in cadmium (Cd)-induced myocardial injury. Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) and its mediated reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway have been demonstrated to be closely related to myocardial oxidative damage. Potentilla anserina L. polysaccharide (PAP) is a polysaccharide with antioxidant capacity, which exerts protective effect on Cd-induced damage. However, it remains unknown whether PAP can prevent and treat Cd-induced cardiomyocyte damages. The present study was desgined to explore the effect of PAP on Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells based on MG53 and the mediated RISK pathway. For in vitro evaluation, cell viability and apoptosis rate were analyzed by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Furthermore, oxidative stress was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining and using superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) kits. The mitochondrial function was measured by JC-10 staining and ATP detection assay. Western blot was performed to detect the expression of proteins related to MG53, the RISK pathway, and apoptosis. The results indicated that Cd increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cells. Cd decreased the activities of SOD and CAT and the ratio of GSH/GSSG, resulting in decreases in cell viability and increases in apoptosis. Interestingly, PAP reversed Cd-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, Cd reduced the expression of MG53 in H9c2 cells and inhibited the RISK pathway, which was mediated by decreasing the ratio of p-AktSer473/Akt, p-GSK3βSer9/GSK3β and p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2. In addition, Cd impaired mitochondrial function, which involved a reduction in ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and an increase in the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, cytoplasmic cytochrome c/mitochondrial cytochrome c, and Cleaved-Caspase 3/Pro-Caspase 3. Importantly, PAP alleviated Cd-induced MG53 reduction, activated the RISK pathway, and reduced mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, knockdown of MG53 or inhibition of the RISK pathway attenuated the protective effect of PAP in Cd-induced H9c2 cells. In sum, PAP reduces Cd-induced damage in H9c2 cells, which is mediated by increasing MG53 expression and activating the RISK pathway.

Research hotspots and trend analysis of puberty development among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the hotspots, frontiers, and future research trends related to puberty development among children and adolescents from 2013 to 2022, and to provide a reference for subsequent research related to puberty development.@*Methods@#Data related to puberty development from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science core collection with the search formula "puberty timing (title) OR puberty development (title) OR pubertal timing (title) OR pubertal development (title) OR puberty timing (abstract) OR puberty development (abstract) OR pubertal timing (abstract) OR pubertal development (abstract)". The CiteSpace was used for visual analysis.@*Results@#A total of 6 684 publications were obtained and an upward trend could be seen in the number of publications in the field of puberty development in the last 10 years. Researchers with a high number of publications were Juul Anders, Brix Nis, and Ernst Andreas, in addition, the United States had the highest number of publications ( 2 125 ) and the highest betweenness centrality (0.23) in this field. In the last decade, research hotspots had focused on the timing of pubertal initiation, biological mechanisms of pubertal development, and sex differences in pubertal development. Research on environmental endocrine disruptors and the mechanisms of pubertal development were at the forefront of research and future research trends.@*Conclusion@#Scholars can refer to the research hotspots and research trends in this field and focus on the issues related to environmental endocrine disruptors and pubertal development mechanisms.

Analysis of indicators related to visceral fat index based on the random forest model / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To explore indicators related to visceral fat index by constructing a random forest model.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, the laboratory measures and body composition analysis records of 617 hospital employees (in-service and retired) who underwent physical examination in Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Health Management Center from March to September 2021 were selected. The subjects were divided into a training set ( n=411) and a test set ( n=206) with the ratio of 2∶1. A total of 110 predictors were included in the model. The model was constructed with the training set and was evaluated with the test set. The optimal number of nodes and decision trees were selected to evaluate the prediction performance of the optimal model. And the top 10 relatively important factors were selected for further investigation. The 617 participants were further divided in to groups according to the visceral fat index: the normal or high visceral fat index group, and the differences of the top 10 relatively important factors were further compared between the two groups. Results:The optimal number of nodes of the final random forest model was 39 and the number of decision trees was 300. The accuracy, precision, sensitivity and specificity of the model was 83.3%, 73.9%, 89.4% and 78.7%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and 95% confidence interval of the model was 0.881 (0.832-0.931). The top 10 relatively important factors in the model were body mass index, gender, age, serum uric acid, red blood cell count, monocyte cell count, C-peptide, carcinoembryonic antigen, glycosylated hemoglobin and glutamyl transpeptidase. There were significant differences in the up-mentioned 10 indicators between the subjects with normal and high visceral fat index (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The random forest model built in this study has good performance in predicting visceral fat index, and visceral fat is related with changes in liver function, pancreas function and immune function.

Effect of pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study in a single center / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of pancreatic duct stenting in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:The clinical data of 68 patients with SAP admitted to the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January, 2019 to July, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 38 males and 30 females, aged (44.85±8.51) years old. The patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment modality: the conservative group ( n=41) which received the conservative management, and the stent group ( n=27) which underwent pancreatic duct stent implantation and conservative management. The basic information, parenteral nutrition support time, fasting days, and other clinical data of patients were collected. Serum amylase, white blood cell count, acute physiology and chronic health (APACHE) II score and CT score were compared between the two groups at admission and 48 hours after treatment. Results:The serum amylase, white blood cell count, APACHE II score and CT score of the two groups were significantly lower after treatment (all P<0.05). Compared with the conservative group, the APACHE II score [(5.52±2.15) vs. (8.76±2.50)] and CT score [(4.85±1.96) vs. (6.18±1.07)] of patients were lower in the stent group after treatment (both P<0.05). Pancreatic duct stents were successfully implanted in all 27 patients of the stent group. Intubation to the main pancreatic duct failed in one patient, while the accessory pancreatic duct was alternatively intubated through the accessory nipple. No severe complications such as iatrogenic pancreatitis, bleeding, and perforation occurred after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The incidence of postoperative local complications was lower [18.52%(5/27) vs. 41.46%(17/41)], the proportion of antibiotic use>3 types [29.63%(8/27) vs. 56.10%(23/41)] decreased, and the analgesic episodes decreased [2(1, 3) vs. 4(3, 6)] in the stent group. The antibiotic usage duration [8(3, 11) d vs. 13(10, 19) d], the parenteral nutrition time [7(4, 15)d vs. 15(8, 18)d], the fasting time [5(3, 11) d vs. 11(6, 13)d] and the hospital stay [10(5, 16) d vs. 15(13, 23)d] were all shortened (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Both conservative management and pancreatic duct stenting can alleviate the clinical symptoms of SAP, and pancreatic duct stenting could help reduce local complications, relieve symptoms, and shorten hospital stay.

Factors influencing pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients and their predictive values: a data analysis for consecutive four-year / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing pulmonary infections in elderly neurocritical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) and to explore the predictive value of risk factors for pulmonary infections.Methods:The clinical data of 713 elderly neurocritical patients [age ≥ 65 years, Glasgow coma score (GCS) ≤ 12 points] admitted to the department of critical care medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether or not they had HAP, the elderly neurocritical patients were divided into hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) group and non-HAP group. The differences in baseline data, medication and treatment, and outcome indicators between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the occurrence of pulmonary infection.The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was plotted for risk factors and a predictive model was constructed to evaluate the predictive value for pulmonary infection.Results:A total of 341 patients were enrolled in the analysis, including 164 non-HAP patients and 177 HAP patients. The incidence of HAP was 51.91%. According to univariate analysis, compared with the non-HAP group, mechanical ventilation time, the length of ICU stay and total hospitalization in the HAP group were significantly longer [mechanical ventilation time (hours): 171.00 (95.00, 273.00) vs. 60.17 (24.50, 120.75), the length of ICU stay (hours): 263.50 (160.00, 409.00) vs. 114.00 (77.05, 187.50), total hospitalization (days): 29.00 (13.50, 39.50) vs. 27.00 (11.00, 29.50), all P < 0.01], the proportion of open airway, diabetes, proton pump inhibitor (PPI), sedative, blood transfusion, glucocorticoids, and GCS ≤ 8 points were significantly increased than those in HAP group [open airway: 95.5% vs. 71.3%, diabetes: 42.9% vs. 21.3%, PPI: 76.3% vs. 63.4%, sedative: 93.8% vs. 78.7%, blood transfusion: 57.1% vs. 29.9%, glucocorticoids: 19.2% vs. 4.3%, GCS ≤ 8 points: 83.6% vs. 57.9%, all P < 0.05], prealbumin (PA) and lymphocyte count (LYM) decreased significantly [PA (g/L): 125.28±47.46 vs. 158.57±54.12, LYM (×10 9/L): 0.79 (0.52, 1.23) vs. 1.05 (0.66, 1.57), both P < 0.01]. Logistic regression analysis showed that open airway, diabetes, blood transfusion, glucocorticoids and GCS ≤ 8 points were independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients [open airway: odds ratio ( OR) = 6.522, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 2.369-17.961; diabetes: OR = 3.917, 95% CI was 2.099-7.309; blood transfusion: OR = 2.730, 95% CI was 1.526-4.883; glucocorticoids: OR = 6.609, 95% CI was 2.273-19.215; GCS ≤ 8 points: OR = 4.191, 95% CI was 2.198-7.991, all P < 0.01], and LYM, PA were the protective factors for pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients (LYM: OR = 0.508, 95% CI was 0.345-0.748; PA: OR = 0.988, 95% CI was 0.982-0.994, both P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting HAP using the above risk factors was 0.812 (95% CI was 0.767-0.857, P < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 72.3% and a specificity of 78.7%. Conclusions:Open airway, diabetes, glucocorticoids, blood transfusion, GCS ≤ 8 points are independent risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients. The prediction model constructed by the above mentioned risk factors has certain predictive value for the occurrence of pulmonary infection in elderly neurocritical patients.

Survey and analysis on digital construction of primary hospitals in Guizhou Province / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the utilization status and awareness of digital hospital construction among medical staff in critical care department of primary hospitals, so as to promote the process of digital medical health.Methods:One to two doctors and nurses (in the department on that day) from public hospitals in 88 counties and urban areas in 9 cities of Guizhou Province were enrolled of field investigation. The questionnaires form were filled in on-site and sorted out and analyzed by special personnel.Results:A total of 297 medical staff from the department of critical care medicine of 146 hospitals were included. All the questionnaires were filled in with their real names, including 152 doctors and 145 nurses. There were 24 class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals and 122 class Ⅱ and all the hospitals had implemented digital information management. The awareness of hospital digital information management system was generally low among the surveyed medical staff, and the awareness of hospital information system (HIS) was the highest (86.5%), followed by laboratory information management system (LIS, 41.4%) and image archiving and communication system (PACS, 40.7%). The awareness of hospital management system (HERP) was the lowest (7.7%). The total number of remote consultations conducted by hospitals using big data Internet was 25 428 times in 2020, with a median of 24.5 (88.0, 240.0) times in each hospital. From 2018 to 2020, the total number of patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital was 50 473, 57 565 and 57 907, respectively, of which the number of patients over 65 years old accounted for 37.47%, 41.26% and 43.31%, respectively (all P > 0.05). There were 4 242 cases of remote consultation using big data Internet in the department every year, with a median of 257.50 (96.50, 958.25) cases. 12.12% of the departments had independent critical monitoring systems, and 8.75% of them could capture data automatically to form tables. 96.30% of the medical staff participated in systematic and professional training on basic knowledge, basic theory and basic medical care skills through the Internet platform, and the number of meetings, studies and training in the provinces and prefectures were 282 and 357 times per year, respectively. More than 90% of the departments initiated remote consultation, arranged referral or admitted patients who had improved status after treatment in superior hospitals through the Internet platform. Most of the patients (69.02%) were from the lower level of the hospital. The total number of out-patient consultations was 2 959 times per year, with a median of 296 (185 473) times. 54.79% of the departments had fixed service villages, and 28.08% of the departments had fixed service population. The median furthest visit distance was 52.5 (30.0, 80.0) kilometers, and the median average visit distance was 30.0 (20.0, 50.0) kilometers. 54.88% of medical staff believed that the biggest difficulties encountered during house visits were insufficient energy and too large service groups or regions. More than 90% of medical staff had been exposed to cloud learning and cloud training, and most of the surveyed medical staff believed that cloud learning and cloud training greatly improved medical service capacity and service efficiency of medical institutions (71.04% and 67.01%, respectively). Meanwhile, they believe that "Internet + health big data" projects from various aspects brought advantage to medical institutions, but there are also low utilization rate of Internet medical equipment by village doctors, low acceptance for telemedicine and mobile hospitals by farmers. Conclusions:Guizhou public hospitals have implementation of digital information management at the grass-roots level, the surveyed health care workers have a relatively low awareness of the digital information management system, hospital use big data Internet for remote consultation is uneven, intensive care medicine is a clinical discipline used in most remote consultation information system, and can complete two-way referrals. In the past three years, the discipline operation showed an upward trend year by year. Medical staff use artificial intelligence devices such as cloud learning and training to improve medical service capacity and efficiency. The digital transformation of primary hospitals is being continuously improved.

Exploration and practice of collaborative teaching in anesthesia nursing / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of collaborative teaching on anesthesia nursing.Methods:A total of 50 anesthesiology nursing undergraduates were randomly selected from the Batch 2018 of Harbin Medical University as experimental group and control group respectively. The two groups completed the teaching tasks in the same teaching hours. The control group was taught by traditional teaching method. The experimental group was jointly taught by the teaching team composed of anesthesia nursing teachers, humanistic medicine teachers and ideological and political teachers. After the completion of teaching, the two groups of students were surveyed by questionnaire to evaluate the teaching effect. SPSS 22.0 was used Fisher's exact probability test.Results:The questionnaire results showed that in the evaluation of collaborative teaching, the evaluation of expanded ideological, political and humanistic knowledge (96.00%, 48/50), strengthened the understanding of theoretical knowledge (88.00%, 44/50), improved doctor-patient communication ability (90.00%, 45/50), improved clinical strain ability (94.00%, 47/50), and improved professional identity (86.00%, 43/50) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The collaborative teaching method in anesthesiology nursing course can not only strengthen students' mastery of clinical skills, but also cultivate lofty sense of mission and professional spirit, strengthen doctors' benevolent belief, improve medical students' comprehensive quality in an all-round way, and promote the development of new medical education.

Cooling Kinetic Characteristics of Temperature Difference between Cadaver Temperature and Ambient Temperature / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the cooling reaction kinetic characteristics of the temperature difference between cadaver temperature and ambient temperature (hereinafter referred to as "cadaver temperature difference") according to the reaction kinetics method.@*METHODS@#Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 rabbits in each group. The rabbits were injected with 10% potassium chloride solution intravenously. After death, the rabbits were placed at 5 ℃, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃ and 25 ℃ environment condition, respectively, and the rectal temperature was measured every minute for 20 hours. The measured cadaver temperature was subtracted from ambient temperature, and the cadaver temperature difference data was calculated using the reaction kinetics formula. The linear regression equation was fitted for analysis, and the experimental results were applied to the temperature difference data of human body after death for verification.@*RESULTS@#Under different environmental conditions, the linear coefficient determination of temperature difference -ln(C/C0) in rabbits was 0.99, showing a good linear relationship with time t. The application of human body temperature data after death was consistent with the results of animal experiments.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under stable conditions, the temperature difference cooling process after death in rabbits is a first-order kinetic response. The method can also be used to study the temperature difference in human body after death.

Differential gene expression and bioinformatics analysis in sepsis secondary to pneumonia / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To analyze and screen the key genes of sepsis secondary to pulmonary infection by bioinformatics, and to provide theoretical basis for the basic research of the disease and find an ideal animal model program.Methods:Experiment 1 (bioinformatics analysis): gene expression data sets of pulmonary infection secondary sepsis patients and multiple sepsis animal models were screened by Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database, and gene differences were analyzed by R software. Differential genes were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Correlation analysis was conducted between differential genes and clinical symptoms in the data set of pulmonary infection secondary sepsis, and the correlation heat map between differential genes and clinical symptoms was drawn. Key genes were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction network analysis (PPIN) clustering. Experiment 2 (sepsis animal model preparation): male mice weighing 21-25 g were randomly divided into the key genes group and the control (Sham) group. And cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to establish mouse sepsis model, while the mice in sham group were performed by exposure of cecum. And all the mice were scarified 24 hours after surgery to extract the total RNA from lung tissue, real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect mRNA expression of key genes.Results:Experiment 1 (bioinformatics analysis): 319 differential genes were showed by GSE 134364 and GSE 65682 data set analysis of pulmonary infection secondary sepsis. And there was no genetic difference between community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) in patients with pulmonary infection secondary to sepsis. Obvious differences existed between differential genes in animal models, and there was no common differential gene. Differential genes in patients and animal models were similarly enriched in GO function, mainly in cell differentiation, regulation of cell process, and regulation of cellular response to stimuli, there were significant differences in pathway enrichment, among which, CLP animal models showed higher consistency with patients. The key genes obtained by WGCNA and PPIN analysis were MAPK14, NLRC4 and LCN2. Experiment 2 (sepsis animal model preparation): animal experiment results showed that the mRNA expressions of MAPK14, NLRC4 and LCN2 in lung tissue of CLP model mice were significantly up-regulated compared with the sham group.Conclusions:MAPK14, NLRC4 and LCN2 are key genes involved in the regulation of biological processes of pulmonary sepsis secondary to infection, and are potential research directions of this disease. What's more, CLP animal model can better reflect the biological characteristics of patients with pulmonary infection secondary sepsis, and is one of the ideal animal model schemes for pulmonary infection secondary sepsis.

Research hotspots and frontier trends in standardized residency training based on CiteSpace visual analysis software / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:By analyzing visually field of standardized residency training from 2008 to 2018, and exploring the field research hotspots and the frontier trend, to provide direction and reference for the field of standardized residency training in our country.Methods:Using CiteSpace visualized analysis software as a research tool, a statistical analysis was conducted on 1 120 pieces of literature in the field of standardized residency training retrieved from the core database of Web of Science.Results:The research strength of standardized residency training was mainly concentrated in the United States, with a total output of 697 papers, accounting for 62.23% of the total number of articles published in the past decade. High yield author Gillespie C published 8 papers, and highly cited author Aggarwal R's paper was cited 54 times. Acad Med, a highly cited journal, was cited the most frequently, with 470 citations in past 10 years. High frequency key words were "resident", "education", "performance", etc. Mutators included "system", "older adult", "operating room", and so on.Conclusion:The research hotspots in the field of standardized residency training in recent ten years include the teaching of residents, the assessment of clinical ability of residents, the standardized patients, etc. Frontier trends focus on resident self-assessment system, surgical training, resident professional core competences, etc.

Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via inhibiting necroptosis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the regulatory effect of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury based on the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis pathway.Methods:The cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model was constructed by hypoxia for 4 h/reoxygenation for 12 h, and the rat ischemia reperfusion (I/R) model was constructed by ligating the left anterior descending artery for 30 min and reperfusion for 3 h. CCK-8 method was used to detect the viability of cardiomyocytes in each group. DAPI/PI double staining was used to observe changes in necrosis rate of myocardial cell. STRING database was used to predict the protein interaction network of cFLIP. TTC staining was used to detect the area of myocardial infarction in each group of rats, and the protein expression of cFLIPL, cFLIPS, p-RIPK1, p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL were detected by Western blot.Results:In cardiomyocyte H/R injury and myocardial tissue I/R injury, the protein expressions of cFLIPL and cFLIPS were significantly down-regulated, while the levels of p-RIPK1, p-RIPK3 and p-MLKL were increased significantly. Up-regulating the protein expression of cFLIPL and cFLIPS could significantly reduce the damage of cardiomyocytes and the rate of cell necrosis induced by H/R, and decrease the area of myocardial infarction caused by I/R. STRING database results showed that cFLIP had direct protein interactions with RIPK1 and RIPK3. Overexpression of cFLIP in cardiomyocyte and myocardial tissue significantly inhibited H/R or I/R induced the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL.Conclusions:Overexpression of cFLIP can significantly inhibit the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis, thereby reducing myocardial cell damage and decreasing the area of myocardial infarction.

Association between sleep duration and social anxiety in children and adolecsents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the association between sleep duration and social anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents to provide evidence for promoting healthy lifestyle and mental health in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 145 children and adolescents aged 7-16 were recruited by cluster random sampling in Beijing in 2020, and received a series of body measurements and questionnaire survey. Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the social anxiety symptoms and sleep duration of children and adolescents. T test was used to compare the differences of social anxiety level in different groups, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and social anxiety.@*Results@#The average score of social anxiety was (5.47±4.18). The social anxiety score of girls, participants aged 13-16, with insufficient physical activity and insufficient sleep duration were higher ( t =-4.34, -6.14, 3.35, 2.93, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate linear regression model showed that after adjusting confounding factors, social anxiety decreased by 0.78 for each additional hour of sleep duration ( β =-0.78, 95% CI =-1.03--0.54, P <0.01), with 0.60 in boys (95% CI = -0.95 --0.25), 0.90 in girls (95% CI =-1.24--0.56), 0.75 among participants aged 7-12 (95% CI =-1.11--0.40) and 0.76 among participants aged 13~16 (95% CI =-1.11--0.41)( P <0.01), respectively. Social anxiety among participants who were not over weight or obese decreased by 0.78(95% CI =-1.09--0.48) and 0.81 among overweight and obese group (95% CI =-1.22- -0.41 )( P <0.01) for each additional hour of sleep duration, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Substantial differences in social anxiety are observed in children and adolescents by gender, age group and nutritional status. Sufficient sleep duration is significantly related to the decrease of social anxiety, and improve the overall level of student mental health.

Association between sleep duration and social anxiety in children and adolecsents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the association between sleep duration and social anxiety in Chinese children and adolescents to provide evidence for promoting healthy lifestyle and mental health in children and adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 1 145 children and adolescents aged 7-16 were recruited by cluster random sampling in Beijing in 2020, and received a series of body measurements and questionnaire survey. Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate the social anxiety symptoms and sleep duration of children and adolescents. T test was used to compare the differences of social anxiety level in different groups, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and social anxiety.@*Results@#The average score of social anxiety was (5.47±4.18). The social anxiety score of girls, participants aged 13-16, with insufficient physical activity and insufficient sleep duration were higher ( t =-4.34, -6.14, 3.35, 2.93, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate linear regression model showed that after adjusting confounding factors, social anxiety decreased by 0.78 for each additional hour of sleep duration ( β =-0.78, 95% CI =-1.03--0.54, P <0.01), with 0.60 in boys (95% CI = -0.95 --0.25), 0.90 in girls (95% CI =-1.24--0.56), 0.75 among participants aged 7-12 (95% CI =-1.11--0.40) and 0.76 among participants aged 13~16 (95% CI =-1.11--0.41)( P <0.01), respectively. Social anxiety among participants who were not over weight or obese decreased by 0.78(95% CI =-1.09--0.48) and 0.81 among overweight and obese group (95% CI =-1.22- -0.41 )( P <0.01) for each additional hour of sleep duration, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Substantial differences in social anxiety are observed in children and adolescents by gender, age group and nutritional status. Sufficient sleep duration is significantly related to the decrease of social anxiety, and improve the overall level of student mental health.

Continuous purification and culture of rat type 1 and type 2 alveolar epithelial cells by magnetic cell sorting / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The incidence of acute lung injury (ALI) in severe trauma patients is 48% and the mortality rate following acute respiratory distress syndrome evolved from ALI is up to 68.5%. Alveolar epithelial type 1 cells (AEC1s) and type 2 cells (AEC2s) are the key cells in the repair of injured lungs as well as fetal lung development. Therefore, the purification and culture of AEC1s and AEC2s play an important role in the research of repair and regeneration of lung tissue.@*METHODS@#Sprague-Dawley rats (3-4 weeks, 120-150 g) were purchased for experiment. Dispase and DNase I were jointly used to digest lung tissue to obtain a single-cell suspension of whole lung cells, and then magnetic bead cell sorting was performed to isolate T1α positive cells as AEC1s from the single-cell suspension by using polyclonal rabbit anti-T1a (a specific AEC1s membrane protein) antibodies combined with anti-rabbit IgG microbeads. Afterwards, alveolar epithelial cell membrane marker protein EpCAM was designed as a key label to sort AEC2s from the remaining T1α-neg cells by another positive immunomagnetic selection using monoclonal mouse anti-EpCAM antibodies and anti-mouse IgG microbeads. Cell purity was identified by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#The purity of AEC1s and AEC2s was 88.3% ± 3.8% and 92.6% ± 2.7%, respectively. The cell growth was observed as follows: AEC1s stretched within the 12-16 h, but the cells proliferated slowly; while AEC2s began to stretch after 24 h and proliferated rapidly from the 2nd day and began to differentiate after 3 days.@*CONCLUSION@#AEC1s and AEC2s sorted by this method have high purity and good viability. Therefore, our method provides a new approach for the isolation and culture of AEC1s and AEC2s as well as a new strategy for the research of lung repair and regeneration.

Association of C-reactive Protein with Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study in the Japanese Population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Traditional epidemiological studies have shown that C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, whether this association is causal remains unclear. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to explore the causal relationship of CRP with cardiovascular outcomes including ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation, arrhythmia and congestive heart failure.@*METHODS@#We performed two-sample MR by using summary-level data obtained from Japanese Encyclopedia of Genetic association by Riken (JENGER), and we selected four single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CRP level as instrumental variables. MR estimates were calculated with the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), penalized weighted median and weighted median. MR-Egger regression was used to explore pleiotropy.@*RESULTS@#No significant causal association of genetically determined CRP level with ischemic stroke, atrial fibrillation or arrhythmia was found with all four MR methods (all Ps > 0.05). The IVW method indicated suggestive evidence of a causal association between CRP and congestive heart failure ( OR: 1.337, 95% CI: 1.005-1.780, P = 0.046), whereas the other three methods did not. No clear pleiotropy or heterogeneity were observed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Suggestive evidence was found only in analysis of congestive heart failure; therefore, further studies are necessary. Furthermore, no causal association was found between CRP and the other three cardiovascular outcomes.

YU Tian-yuan's experience in the clinical application of Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness / 中国针灸

To summarize YU Tian-yuan's experience of applying Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness in acupuncture and tuina. YU Tian-yuan uses Danzhong (CV 17) alone or in combination with other acupoints to treat mental illnesses such as insomnia, palpitation and chest distress. Professor YU emphasizes 4 tips when treating diseases, nourishing the heart to tranquilize by light stimulation; regulating spirit by combined stimulation; leaving the acupoints and holding on the meridian for a wide range of stimulation; using rubbing and pushing manipulation in several directions for regulating qi to soothe the chest. And in clinical practice, formed a unique therapy to treat mental illness.

Identification of traditional Chinese drugs containing active ingredients for treating myocardial infarction and analysis of their therapeutic mechanisms by network pharmacology and molecular docking / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To identify traditional Chinese drugs that contain active ingredients for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and explore their therapeutic mechanisms using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.@*METHODS@#The TCMSP database was used for screening the traditional Chinese drugs containing active ingredients for treating MI, and the related targets of MI and the candidate drugs were obtained from Genecards, OMIM, PharmGkb and PharmMapper databases. The common target network of the drug targets and disease targets was established using Venny2.1.0 software. GO and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of the common targets was performed, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for the targets. The targets in the PPI network were analyzed to identify the key targets, for which GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Molecular docking was performed for the candidate ingredients and the key targets, and a total score ≥6 was used as the criteria for screening the therapeutic ingredients and their docking binding with key targets was verified. A human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to validate the candidate ingredients and the key therapeutic targets for MI by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#Our analysis identified Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergiae odoriferae as the candidate drugs rich in active ingredients for treatment of MI. These ingredients involved 16 key therapeutic targets for MI, which participated in such biological processes as inflammatory response, angiogenesis, energy metabolism and oxidative stress and the pathways including HIF-1, VEGF, and TNF pathways. Sclareol and PTGS2 in Salvia miltiorrhiza and formononetin and KDR in Dalbergiae odoriferae all had high docking total scores. Western blotting showed that at medium and high doses, sclareol significantly inhibited PTGS2 expression and formononetin promoted KDR expressions in the cell models in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both Salvia miltiorrhiza and Dalbergiae odoriferae have good therapeutic effects on MI. Sclareol in Salvia miltiorrhiza and formononetin in Dalbergiae odoriferae regulate the expressions of KDR and PTGS2, respectively, to modulate the inflammatory response, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and energy metabolism and thus produce myocardial protective effects.

KCNQ Channels in the Mesolimbic Reward Circuit Regulate Nociception in Chronic Pain in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic (DA) neurons have been implicated in regulating nociception in chronic pain, yet the mechanisms are barely understood. Here, we found that chronic constructive injury (CCI) in mice increased the firing activity and decreased the KCNQ channel-mediated M-currents in ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Chemogenetic inhibition of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons alleviated CCI-induced thermal nociception. Opposite changes in the firing activity and M-currents were recorded in VTA DA neurons projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) but did not affect nociception. In addition, intra-VTA injection of retigabine, a KCNQ opener, while reversing the changes of the VTA-to-NAc DA neurons, alleviated CCI-induced nociception, and this was abolished by injecting exogenous BDNF into the NAc. Taken together, these findings highlight a vital role of KCNQ channel-mediated modulation of mesolimbic DA activity in regulating thermal nociception in the chronic pain state.

Study on the feature of cortical auditory evoked potential under different auditory tasks in cochlear implant children / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the variation regularity and influencing factors of cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) evoked by pure tone, syllable and tone stimuli in cochlear implant (CI) children. Methods: Cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) responses were collected from 46 CI children in the sound field. Pure tones with frequencies of 1 kHz and 2 kHz were used as the standard and the deviant respectively in the pure tone stimulation condition. The Chinese Mandarin tokens/ba/-/pa/and/ba1/-/ba4/pairs were used as the stimuli respectively in the syllable and tone stimulation condition. The latency, amplitude and presence rate of P1 and mismatch negative(MMN) were obtained and the correlation between the difficulty of auditory task, the age of hearing month, the duration of severe-profound hearing loss, the wearing history of hearing aid before CI, the hearing threshold of the better ear before CI and the latency and amplitude of P1 and MMN were analyzed. All statistical analyses and figures were conducted using SPSS 25.0. Results: The P1 presence rate of pure tone, syllable and tone group was 100% (17/17), 100% (13/13) and 75.0% (12/16), respectively, with significant difference (χ²=8.214, P=0.016). There was significant difference between pure tone group and tone group (χ²=4.836, P=0.028), but no significant difference between pure tone group and syllable group, syllable group and tone group. The MMN presence rate of pure tone, syllable and tone group was 94.1% (16/17), 84.6% (11/13) and 62.5% (10/16), respectively, but no significant difference among the three groups with different auditory tasks(χ²=0.066, P=0.066). No significant difference was observed among the three groups of different auditory tasks in the latency and amplitude of P1 and MMN. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the latency of P1 was positively correlated with the difficulty of auditory task and the hearing threshold of the better ear before CI, and negatively correlated with hearing age and the history of hearing aid before CI. The latency of MMN was positively correlated with the difficulty of auditory task, and negatively correlated with hearing age. Conclusions: The P1 presence rate of pure tone auditory task is significantly higher than that of tone auditory task. The difficulty of auditory task, hearing age, the history of hearing aid before CI, and the hearing threshold of the better ear before CI has significant effects on the P1 latency. The difficulty of auditory task and hearing age has significant effects on the MMN latency.

Establishment and validation of a nomogram prediction model for early preoperative diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To establish a convenient preoperative nomogram prediction model for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)with microvascular invasion (MVI), and to evaluate the model through internal and external validations for use informulating reasonable and individualized treatment strategies for patients with early-staged HCC.Methods:The clinical data of 294 patients who underwent hepatectomy at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Based on the different admission times, they were divided into the training group ( n=231) and the validation group ( n=63). Based on the results from previous published literatures and our relevant clinical experience, risk factors including γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), fibrinogen albumin ratio (FAR), lymphocyte monocyte count ratio (LMR) and ALT-platelet ratio (APRI) were subjected to multi-factor logistic regression analysis to determine independent risk factors of HCC with MVI, and a nomogram prediction model was then constructed. The validation group was applied to the model for validation. Results:Of 294 patients who were enrolled in this study, there were 231 patients in the training cohort, with an average age of (55.1±10.9) years. In the training group, 95 patients were MVI positive and 136 patients were MVI negative. In the validation group, 38 patients were MVI positive and 25 patients were MVI negative. Logistic regression analysis showed that FAR>0.06, GGT>50 U/L, APRI>0.16, tumor diameter>5 cm, LMR>3.57 and PLR>98.75 were independent risk factors ( P<0.05), and a nomogram prediction model was established. The correction curve of the nomogram showed that the actual prediction result was close to the ideal result of the prediction model. The internal validated results showed the C-indexes to be between 0.71 and 0.90, and the prediction model had good discrimination. DCA curve was used to evaluate the clinical net benefit of the predictive model. When the net benefit rate was above zero, the threshold of the prediction model was 4%-77%, indicating that the prediction model had good clinical practicability. Conclusion:The established nomogram prediction model based on preoperative clinical indexes of GGT, APRI, LMR, PLR, FAR and diameter of tumor could be used to predict early diagnosis of HCC with MVI. The nomogram has good clinical application values.